Artificial reproduction in a hymenopteran insect,Athalia rosae, using eggs matured with heterospecific yolk proteins and fertilized with cryopreserved sperm

The research on the sterlet roe artificial insemination using cryopreserved sperm was carried out in the research base of the RAS Southern Scientific Centre (the Rostov region). Reproductive cells (including cryopreserved cells), larvae, sterlet fry ( Acipenser ruthenus Linnaeus, 1758) were taken as an object of research. A half of the roe (1.7 kg) taken from female starlet was inseminated by native sperm (control group); another half was inseminated by defrosted sperm of two males, which was stored in liquid nitrogen at -196ºC during 3 years (pilot group). Incubation lasted 5 days at water temperature 14.5-18.2ºC, with daily fluctuations of temperature 1.9ºC. Roe insemination in the control group made 90%, in the pilot group - 70%. Roe embryonic growth in the control group was faster, but embryogenesis duration in the pilot group met the standard time limits. Hatching prolarvae in the control group started one hour earlier, than in the pilot group; it made 75% and 60% of all incubated roe, correspondingly. Waste during the period of larvae maturing before they pass to mixed feeding was negligible - 2% in the control group and 3.4% in the pilot group. According to the test results, "open field" of reactivity of the central nervous system in the pilot group fry didn’t change from the control group fry, but more active response to stimuli was noted in the pilot group, which is very important for fry adaptation to the conditions in natural water basins. It was established that sterlet offspring obtained with use of defrosted sexual cells does not differ from the offspring obtained using native sperm and has higher morphometric characteristics. The test results prove the possibility and practicability of using sexual cells stored in liquid nitrogen for artificial restoration and formation of sturgeon fish broodstocks.

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Analysis of the rates of development and growth of Brachymystax lenok Savinovi during artificial reproduction by the industrial method

Rybovodstvo i rybnoe hozjajstvo (Fish Breeding and Fisheries) ◽

10.33920/sel-09-2007-04 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 40-49

Author(s):

S. Assylbekova ◽

N. Badryzlova ◽

L. Kushnikova

Keyword(s):

Water Temperature ◽

Fish Reproduction ◽

Optimal Conditions ◽

Artificial Reproduction ◽

Fish Products ◽

Rate Of Development ◽

Stage Of Development ◽

East Kazakhstan ◽

Brachymystax Lenok ◽

The Moment

The article presents the results of the first research on artificial reproduction in industrial conditions of the endemic, narrow-areal subspecies of Brachymystax lenok Savinovi, which lives in lake Markakol, East Kazakhstan region. The indicators of the heat sum characteristic for each stage of development, the rate of development and growth of the Markakolsky lenok from the moment of pre-breeding to late juveniles are described. To develop technological approaches for artificial fish reproduction, one of the most important points is to determine the optimal conditions for each stage and assess the risks (loss of fish products). At the stage of insemination and transportation of eggs to the place of incubation, the loss was 50 %. The largest losses of fish products were registered during the incubation stage. The most painlessly passed the period of holding and lifting on the float, where the loss was only 3 %. When growing pre-larvae and larvae in the pool, the daily waste did not exceed 1 %. Small-sized animals that were unable to adapt to artificial feeds fell into the waste. Losses during this period amounted to 15 % of the previous stage. In General, the yield of juveniles from the moment of fertilization to the end of the experiment was 16 %. The crucial factor in the development and growth of Lenok Markakolosky is the temperature regime. For the period of embryonic development, the most favorable water temperature is 7–8 °C. From the moment of hatching, the water temperature must be increased to 10–12 °C, and the optimal temperature for the cage growing of fingerlings varies from 12 to 14 °C.

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Metabolism, homeostasis and growth

10.1093/oso/9780198785552.003.0007 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Derek Burton ◽

Margaret Burton

Keyword(s):

Energy Storage ◽

White Muscle ◽

External Environment ◽

Life Cycles ◽

Fish Growth ◽

Chloride Cells ◽

Internal Environment ◽

Ion Regulation ◽

Yolk Proteins ◽

Active Substances

Metabolism consists of the sum of anabolism (construction) and catabolism (destruction) with the release of energy, and achieving a fairly constant internal environment (homeostasis). The aquatic external environment favours differences from mammalian pathways of excretion and requires osmoregulatory adjustments for fresh water and seawater though some taxa, notably marine elasmobranchs, avoid osmoregulatory problems by retaining osmotically active substances such as urea, and molecules protecting tissues from urea damage. Ion regulation may occur through chloride cells of the gills. Most fish are not temperature regulators but a few are regional heterotherms, conserving heat internally. The liver has many roles in metabolism, including in some fish the synthesis of antifreeze seasonally. Maturing females synthesize yolk proteins in the liver. Energy storage may include the liver and, surprisingly, white muscle. Fish growth can be indeterminate and highly variable, with very short (annual) life cycles or extremely long cycles with late and/or intermittent reproduction.

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Cyclorraphan yolk proteins and lepidopteran minor yolk proteins originate from two unrelated lipase families

Insect Molecular Biology ◽

10.1111/j.0962-1075.2004.00520.x ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 615-623 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

K. Hens ◽

P. Lemey ◽

N. Macours ◽

C. Francis ◽

R. Huybrechts

Keyword(s):

Yolk Proteins

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The Mutation masculinizer (man) Defines a Sex-Determining Gene With Maternal and Zygotic Functions in Musca domestica L.

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/145.1.173 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 145 (1) ◽

pp. 173-183 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R Schmidt ◽

M Hediger ◽

R Nöthiger ◽

A Dübendorfer

Keyword(s):

Musca Domestica ◽

Maternal Effect ◽

Dominant Factor ◽

Loss Of Function ◽

New Mutation ◽

Yolk Proteins ◽

Hypomorphic Allele ◽

Internal Structures ◽

Primary Signal ◽

Pole Cells

In Musca domestica, the primary signal for sex determination is the dominant factor M, which is assumed to regulate a postulated female-determining gene F. Presence of M prevents expression of F so that male development ensues. In the absence of M, F can become active, which dictates the female pathway. The existence of F is inferred from FD, a dominant factor that is epistatic to M. We describe a new mutation masculinizer, which has all the properties expected for a null or strongly hypomorphic allele of F: (1) it maps to the same chromosomal location as FD, (2) homozygous man/man animals develop as males, (3) homozygous man/man clones generated in man/+ female larvae differentiate male structures, (4) man has a sex-determining maternal effect. About a third of the morphological males synthesize yolk proteins, which indicates that they are intersexual in internal structures. The maternal effect of man is complete in offspring that derive from homozygous man/man pole cells transplanted into female hosts. In this case, all man/+ progeny become fertile males that do not produce yolk proteins. A sex-determining maternal effect has previously been demonstrated for FD. Like F, maternal man + is needed for zygotic man + to become active, providing further evidence that man is a loss-of-function allele of F.

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Time-Lapse Flow Cytometry: A Robust Tool to Assess Physiological Parameters Related to the Fertilizing Capability of Human Sperm

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22010093 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 93

Author(s):

Arturo Matamoros-Volante ◽

Valeria Castillo-Viveros ◽

Paulina Torres-Rodríguez ◽

Marcela B. Treviño ◽

Claudia L. Treviño

Keyword(s):

Flow Cytometry ◽

Calcium Concentration ◽

Human Sperm ◽

Time Lapse ◽

Physiological Parameters ◽

Clinical Validation ◽

Artificial Reproduction ◽

Membrane Hyperpolarization ◽

Novel Strategy ◽

Fertilizing Capability

Plasma membrane (PM) hyperpolarization, increased intracellular pH (pHi), and changes in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) are physiological events that occur during human sperm capacitation. These parameters are potential predictors of successful outcomes for men undergoing artificial reproduction techniques (ARTs), but methods currently available for their determination pose various technical challenges and limitations. Here, we developed a novel strategy employing time-lapse flow cytometry (TLFC) to determine capacitation-related membrane potential (Em) and pHi changes, and progesterone-induced [Ca2+]i increases. Our results show that TLFC is a robust method to measure absolute Em and pHi values and to qualitatively evaluate [Ca2+]i changes. To support the usefulness of our methodology, we used sperm from two types of normozoospermic donors: known paternity (subjects with self-reported paternity) and no-known paternity (subjects without self-reported paternity and no known fertility problems). We found relevant differences between them. The incidences of membrane hyperpolarization, pHi alkalinization, and increased [Ca2+]i were consistently high among known paternity samples (100%, 100%, and 86%, respectively), while they varied widely among no-known paternity samples (44%, 17%, and 45%, respectively). Our results indicate that TLFC is a powerful tool to analyze key physiological parameters of human sperm, which pending clinical validation, could potentially be employed as fertility predictors.

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